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Figure 2. Representative ultrastructural image of eggshell in response to ionic treatment, left, and hydroxy treatment, right. Pink arrow = Good cap, early fusion, Green arrow = Poor cap, Yellow arrow = Late fusion.
Minerals and their effect on eggs
* from P8
Figure 3. Egg Cu content (μg/g) in response to the dietary treatments. a, b means significantly different between treatments (P < 0.01).
Figure 4. Egg Mn content (μg/g) in response to the dietary treatments. a, b means significantly different between treatments (P < 0.01).
Figure 5. Effect of age on albumen Cu, Zn, Mn content (μg/g). a, b, c means significantly different between treatments (P < 0.01).
the process of membrane and eggshell formation.
eggs from the hydroxy- fed hens, suggesting the growth of the palisade columns might partly be slower during shell for- mation.
compared with the ionic diet.
ment of Mn, Zn and Cu sulphate with hydroxy- chloride sources in Hy- Line Brown laying hen diets during post-peak production can improve egg production, egg mass and eggshell ultrastruc- ture features, and signifi- cantly increase Cu in egg- shell and Mn in albumen in eggs compared to birds fed with identical levels from sulphate sources.
Where fusion is late, crack propagation through the shell wall and thereafter outwards from the load point will occur more rapidly.
Birds fed the hydroxy diet had increased Cu concentration in the egg- shell and increased the al- bumen Mn content com- pared to those fed Ionic diet – see Figures 3 and 4.
This suggests that trace minerals – which are more available and bet- ter absorbed from the hydroxy-supplemented diet – were retained more in the eggshell of the hy- droxy-fed birds than the ionic-fed birds.
Even though some good ultrastructural fea- tures were found in the mammillary layer of the eggshells in this study, a higher incidence of late fusion was observed in
It is more challenging to discern sensitive param- eters that respond to die- tary Mn in layers because the egg or eggshell is not only regulated by dietary Mn but also the body of the laying hen itself.
As hens aged, egg albu- men at week two con- tained lower Cu, Mn and Zn concentration while week six samples had the highest Mn, Cu and Zn, compared to the samples collected at other weeks – see Figure 5.
Further investigation into any further benefits of hydroxychloride trace mineral supplementation in post-peak laying hens over extended laying cy- cles could be of interest.
In this study, eggshell Cu, egg yolk Zn and albumen Mn contents exhibited a significant response to the dietary treatments, with higher trace mineral accumula- tion in eggs of the hens fed the hydroxy diet
The differences in the source of trace minerals, the level of added min- erals, the ratio of trace minerals and the level of minerals in the basal diet may partly explain the discrepancies in these studies.
We would like to ac- knowledge Trouw Nutri- tion, a Nutreco company for funding this project.
For more information, contact Dr Anna Nguyen on tnguy206@une.edu. au
Dr Anna Nguyen.
In conclusion, replace-
Dr Anna Nguyen
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National Poultry Newspaper, July 2022 – Page 9